Liquid Leak Detector with Plurality of Detection Positions

ABSTRACT

A device for the measurement of electrical properties on a surface. Sensor consists of several conductive elements arranged at vertices of a three-dimensional geometry. As such, the device achieves a favorable sensing configuration regardless of initial orientation. The device includes circuitry for interfacing with the conductive elements. This circuitry determines the electrical properties of the surface. The measurement has many uses, one of which is to discriminate between dry and wet surfaces. This patent presents various analysis methods to determine the electrical property.

SUMMARY

This invention allows for detecting changes in electrical properties of a surface. This change commonly occurs when conductive liquid pools on said surface. This invention could be used for both commercial and residential water leak/flooding sensors and chemical leak detection. The main benefit over the prior art is that this invention is inexpensive and simple to manufacture, can be deployed quickly and easily in difficult to reach or hazardous locations, and is resistant to failure modes associated with jarring/jostling other sensor designs. The inclusion of electrical impedance measurement allows for liquid to be identified, which could be useful in a manufacturing environment where multiple chemicals are handled.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Detecting liquid leaks is of great interest and has been the topic of a number of prior art disclosures in the literature (U.S. Pat. No. 5,790,036, U.S. Pat. No. 7,948,388, US 20080053197, US 20110214490, U.S. Pat. No. 6,175,310, U.S. Pat. No. 6,873,263, GB2369912, US 20140104065, US 20140260554, Honeywell RWD11 Water Alarm, Glentronics, Inc. BWD-HWA Basement Watchdog Water Sensor and Alarm). Some have been developed to detect liquid emissions from animals (U.S. Pat. No. 5,790,036). For the protection of property, some have been developed for detecting water leaks in ceilings (U.S. Pat. No. 7,948,388) while others have been developed for detecting leaks when they pool on planar floors (US20080053197, US20110214490, U.S. Pat. No. 6,175,310, U.S. Pat. No. 6,873,263, GB2369912, US20140104065, US20140260554, Honeywell RWD11 Water Alarm, Glentronics, Inc. BWD-HWA Basement Watchdog Water Sensor and Alarm).

Liquid leak detectors typically employ 2 conductive terminals to detect a leak, between which electrical properties of the gap can be determined. Many liquids, such as tap water, have much higher conductivity than air or concrete, wood, or polymer flooring on which the electrodes sit. As such, when a conductive liquid path presents between the terminals, the DC resistance changes dramatically and this can be detected by circuitry within the leak detector.

Two types of conductive terminal configurations are common. One configuration (referred to hereinafter as the “Bottom Terminal Configuration”) has flat conductive terminals rigidly fixed that rest on the floor (US20080053197, U.S. Pat. No. 6,873,263, GB2369912, US20140104065, US20140260554, Honeywell RWD11 Water Alarm, Glentronics, Inc. BWD-HWA Basement Watchdog Water Sensor and Alarm). This configuration is extremely simple to manufacture and therefore inexpensive, does not suffer from water retention (which could cause mold or mildew), and offers point detection capability but can be undermined if the device is jarred or jostled and one or both terminals lift off the floor because it is rigid. If one or both terminals lift off the floor, the conductive liquid pool must accumulate to whatever height the highest terminal rests (with respect to the floor) increasing leak volume and related damage. It is quite easy for the terminals in these devices to lift off the planar floor given there is only one position in which the device can sense electrical properties.

Another terminal configuration has two parallel conductors that run along a rope assembly and are separated by a permeable material (referred to hereinafter as the “Rope Configuration”) (US20110214490, U.S. Pat. No. 6,175,310). This configuration is more complicated to manufacture and therefore expensive compared to the Bottom Terminal Configuration, could suffer from water retention in the permeable material leading to mold or mildew proliferation, and is a line detector which could make it difficult to pinpoint the location of a leak. However, its benefit is that it does not have a preferred deployment orientation meaning that if it is jarred or jostled the sensor will provide the same leak detection capability.

The invention presented in this application improves upon the Bottom Terminal Configuration, teaching away from a preferred detection orientation indicated in the prior art. However, The invention presented in this application also benefits from the simplicity to manufacture and install, lack of permeable material, and point detection capability of the Bottom Terminal Configuration, teaching away from the shortcomings of the Rope Configuration.

Bottom Terminal Configuration leak detectors also must be carefully installed upright to satisfy the requirement that both terminals must be very near the floor on which the leak will be detected. This precludes the installation of leak detectors in difficult-to-reach or hazardous locations without substantial planning and effort.

Users are often interested in an inconspicuous installation for aesthetics. Additionally, installation behind a piece of equipment reduces the likelihood of the sensor being moved or damaged by local activities. However, leak detectors are often installed as a reactive measure after a piece of equipment has leaked, meaning the large piece of equipment that leaked has already been installed and can't easily be moved. This makes installation in an inconspicuous spot behind the equipment impossible.

The invention presented in this application allows for easy installation behind a piece of installed equipment given it is agnostic to the deployment orientation and will sit flat against any horizontal or gently inclined surface. This allows for installation locations that are both invisible and well protected from movement and damage.

The three-dimensional geometric shape of the probe could be any one of a multitude of polyhedrons (see examples in Appendix A). Some examples include platonic solids, archimedean solids, catalan solids, prisms, bipyramids, antiprisms, and trapezohedra. The solids also need not be convex polyhedrons. However, convex polyhedrons with only triangular faces are particularly well suited for use in the probe as the three vertices on each face exactly constrain the sensor against a planar floor. However, given the small size to which the probe could be fabricated and the relatively good flatness with most floors, polyhedrons with faces with more than 3 edges could be used even though it is over constrained.

Many different configurations of electrically conductive feet could be used. At the bare minimum, two electrically conductive feet must be in contact with the floor at all times. Different configurations could allow for parallel sensing between multiple electrically conductive feet in contact with the floor to refine measurements.

Elementary implementations would measure the DC resistance between two electrically conductive feet. These methods are well documented in the literature.

More advanced implementations would measure electrical impedance between the terminals. Various approaches are available for this measurement. Swept sine analysis allows for linear, time invariant impedance transfer functions to be characterized. Stochastic system identification offers good resistance to electrical and mechanical interference, with both linear and nonlinear modeling approaches available.

The probe electronics could be sealed against liquid penetration if there exist electronics in the probe in addition to the electrically conductive terminals.

The teachings of all patents, published applications and references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1: Self-contained Sensing Configuration.

1 is the probe. 3 is the sensing circuitry. 4 is the power source, communications system, alarm system, and/or display interface 6 is the planar surface 7 is the electrically conductive terminals at the vertices of the probe.

FIG. 2: Tethered Sensing Configuration.

1 is the probe. 2 is the remote power and circuitry enclosure. 3 is the sensing circuitry. 4 is the power source, communications system, alarm system, and/or display interface 5 is the power and signal tether 6 is the sensor enclosure 7 is the electrically conductive terminals at the vertices of the probe.

FIG. 3: Examples of possible 2 polarity configurations for platonic solids as the three-dimensional geometry formed by the vertices.

1 is the probe. 8 is the negative electrically conductive terminal. 9 is the positive electrically conductive terminal. 10 is a tetrahedron three-dimensional geometry. 11 is an octahedron three-dimensional geometry. 12 is a cube three-dimensional geometry. 13 is an icosahedron three-dimensional geometry. 14 is a dodecahedron three-dimensional geometry.

FIG. 4: Examples of different 2 polarity configurations for one three-dimensional geometry (the octahedron) formed by the vertices.

1 is the probe. 8 is the negative electrically conductive terminal. 9 is the positive electrically conductive terminal. 11 is an octahedron three-dimensional geometry. 15 is a first electrode layout example. 16 is a second electrode layout example. 

1. A device for measuring electrical properties on a planar surface without a preferred orientation, the device comprising: A probe, for resting on the planar surface to detect electrical properties; Four or more vertices formed in the probe, between which a three-dimensional geometry is formed, for contacting the planar surface; Two or more electrically conductive terminals formed at vertices on each face of the three-dimensional geometry, for providing a conductive path to the planar surface; and Circuitry for interfacing with the electrically conductive terminals for determining electrical properties of the planar surface;
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the probe and circuitry is integrated within the three-dimensional geometry as a self-contained sensor.
 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the probe and circuitry are separated by a tether which carries power and/or signals.
 4. The device of claim 1, wherein folding a planar sheet forms the three-dimensional geometry.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional geometry is formed from a substrate by additive, subtractive, injection, blow molding, or other manufacturing process.
 6. The device of claim 1, wherein to each electrically conductive terminals one of two or more voltages are applied such that there is at least one electrically conductive terminal on each face to which a different voltage is applied when compared the other electrically conductive terminals on that face.
 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to sequentially test the electrical properties between two or more electrically conductive terminals by means of a switching network.
 8. The device of claim 1, wherein an electrical property is the DC resistance.
 9. The device of claim 1, wherein an electrical property is the impedance.
 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the circuitry performs a swept sine analysis to determine the impedance.
 11. The device of claim 9, wherein the circuitry performs stochastic system identification to determine the impedance.
 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the electrical property indicates an alarm condition and is relayed by an alarm system.
 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the alarm system is an audible alarm.
 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the alarm system is a visible alarm.
 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the alarm system is an electronic notification alarm sent via wired or wireless communication protocols.
 16. A method of measuring electrical properties on a planar surface without a preferred orientation comprising: placing a probe with four or more vertices, between which a three-dimensional geometry is formed and, for each face, at least two vertices are electrically conductive, on the planar surface; providing the electrically conductive vertices with an electrical stimulus; measuring the electrical response; and determining an electrical property of the gap between the electrically conductive vertices on the measured response.
 17. The device of claim 16, wherein determining an electrical property comprises using stochastic system identification to estimate impedance by modeling it as a linear system.
 18. The device of claim 16, wherein determining an electrical property comprises using stochastic system identification to estimate impedance by modeling it as a linear system followed by a static nonlinearity.
 19. The device of claim 16, wherein determining an electrical property comprises using stochastic system identification to estimate impedance by modeling it as a static nonlinearity followed by a linear system.
 20. The device of claim 16, wherein determining an electrical property comprises using stochastic system identification to estimate impedance by using a Volterra Kernel method. 